Cambodia and Thailand have taken a significant step towards resolving a longstanding maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Thailand by initiating a United Nations-supported conciliation process. This initiative is part of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), where both nations’ foreign ministers presented their opening statements at the inaugural meeting. The primary objective for Cambodia is to establish a definitive maritime boundary with Thailand, but Phnom Penh has also suggested a joint development arrangement to collaborate on resource sharing in the contested waters.
The maritime dispute, which spans approximately 26,000 square kilometers, has been a point of contention for over 25 years. This area is believed to hold substantial reserves of natural gas and oil, which adds an economic dimension to the disagreement. Previously, in 2001, an agreement was reached to provide a framework for the joint development of these resources. However, this arrangement was terminated by Thailand in May amid rising tensions due to border clashes that resulted in casualties.
While Cambodia has initiated the conciliation process under UNCLOS, Thailand has emphasized that the focus should remain solely on establishing maritime boundaries. The Thai government has affirmed its commitment to engaging in the process with sincerity, even as it had earlier advocated for direct negotiations as a means to settle the dispute.
The conciliation process initiated by Cambodia in June involves an independent panel that will eventually offer recommendations to both parties. However, it is important to note that these recommendations are not legally binding. Despite this, the process represents a diplomatic effort to find a resolution to a complex issue that has implications for both regional stability and economic interests.